Enhancing Human Superorganism Ecosystem Resilience by Holistically ‘Managing Our Microbes’

Microbes in the 21st century are understood as symbionts ‘completing’ human ‘superorganism’ (Homo sapiens plus microbial partners-in-health). This paper addresses a significant paradox: despite vast majority of our genes being microbial, lack routine safety testing for microbiome has led to unintended collateral side effects from pharmaceuticals that can damage and inhibit innate ‘colonization resistance’ against pathobionts. Examples discussed which Microbiome First Medicine approach provides opportunities ‘manage microbes’ holistically, repair dysbiotic superorganisms, restore health resilience gut throughout body: namely, managing nosocomial infections Clostridioides difficile Staphylococcus aureus neural systems (gut–brain axis) autism spectrum disorder. We then introduce risk analysis tool: evidence map. ‘mapping’ tool was recently applied by us evaluate benefits, risks, uncertainties pertaining breastmilk ecosystem. Here, we discuss potential role map methodology guide scientific societal efforts to: (1) enhance ecosystem resilience, (2) microbes’, (3) minimize adverse both acute chronic diseases.